Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. This condition is often triggered by various environmental factors, such as allergens, irritants, exercise, or respiratory infections. Asthma can affect individuals of all ages, and while there is no cure, proper management can control symptoms and improve quality of life.

Common symptoms of asthma include wheezing, which is a high-pitched whistling sound produced during breathing, coughing (particularly at night or early morning), shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Asthma symptoms can range from mild and occasional to severe and persistent, and they may vary over time.

The underlying cause of asthma involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Triggers like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, air pollution, and tobacco smoke can exacerbate symptoms in susceptible individuals. Diagnosis often involves pulmonary function tests, medical history review, and monitoring of symptoms.

Management of asthma includes long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and leukotriene modifiers, along with lifestyle modifications and the use of rescue inhalers during acute episodes. Asthma action plans, created in consultation with healthcare professionals, are crucial for individuals to effectively manage and control their symptoms. Regular monitoring and adjustments to treatment plans may be necessary to achieve optimal asthma control.