Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition characterised by elevated blood pressure levels persistently exceeding the normal range. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two values: systolic pressure (the force of blood against arterial walls during heartbeats) and diastolic pressure (the pressure between heartbeats when the heart is at rest).

The threshold for diagnosing hypertension is typically a blood pressure reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher. Hypertension is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it frequently presents without noticeable symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may include headaches, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, or dizziness. However, these symptoms are not specific to hypertension and may be associated with other conditions.

Untreated hypertension can lead to severe health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and other cardiovascular issues. Various factors contribute to hypertension, such as genetics, age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, excessive salt intake, and chronic stress.

Management of hypertension involves lifestyle modifications such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, limiting alcohol intake, and quitting smoking. Medications may also be prescribed by healthcare professionals to help control blood pressure levels. Regular monitoring and adherence to the treatment plan are crucial to effectively manage hypertension and reduce the risk of associated complications.