Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose, commonly referred to as blood sugar. This occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar) or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1, where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, and Type 2, where the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin.

Common symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing. Type 1 diabetes often presents in childhood or adolescence, while Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults, especially those with a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, or a family history of the condition.

Complications of diabetes can include cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage, nerve damage (neuropathy), and eye problems. Proper management involves maintaining blood glucose levels within a target range through a combination of medication, insulin therapy, dietary changes, regular physical activity, and monitoring blood sugar levels.

Early diagnosis and consistent management are crucial to prevent complications and ensure a better quality of life for individuals with diabetes. Regular medical check-ups and adherence to treatment plans help maintain optimal blood glucose control and overall health.